Window 7

The tech support or technical support belongs to the galore of services through which enterprises gives support to the customers for the technologies products such as mobile apps, mobile phones, computers, software products support and other electronic and mechanical goods. There are many people who have tech support problems with their computer and they need a help from anywhere instantly, so they thinks that if they would live tech support so that they are able to solve the problem immediately. There are many company owners who have their own technical support team which provide them tech support solution whenever they have troubleshoot problem. The windows7 is the advance version of windows xp operating system, but many of the features of it are different from previous versions. In these days all the PCs, laptops, tabs, notebook available in the market have windows7 or windows8 operating system but to deal with it is not an easy task. As we know that the world in which we live is a corporate world where a single second have its own importance. There are many people who belong to the corporate world and they do not have deep knowledge about the operating system on which their computers are running so they always need Live Tech Support to avoid troubleshoot problems. There are many people who have tech support problem while using their computer so they need an instant help which can be possible by tech support live. If you are planning to install windows7 with your old operating system it is better to uninstall the old one first then start installing windows7. The installation of windows7 is not as simple as it requires activation key while the process is going on. Many times people yammer about the slow speed of their computer or the display of the computer the double operating system exists in your computer is one of its reasons. There are many companies which provide Windows Tech Support with the help of professional IT team which has deep knowledge about each and every problem which can be possible. The tech support problem is not a big issue but if it comes between your works takes lots of time to solve it. There are many tech support companies which claims to provide better services as compare to other companies present in the market. The customer always wants a quality work instead of brand name. The tech support live are giving their services such as Kasper sky antivirus support, McAfee antivirus support, AVG antivirus support and many more services with the help of a talented and skilled team members. If the customer knows that they get the service by the expert team members they assured that their problem will be solved soon without any hassle. We offer different modes of solving tech support problem that is on call, on live chat and in very critical situation we provide remote access for your computer with your permission so that the problem can be solved instantly.

Art And Craft

Are you interested in dazzling your friends and family with new and unique arts and crafts projects? Perhaps you want to learn new ideas that will help you design something that can go in your home. No matter the reason, there are endless terrific ideas for arts and crafts projects. Keep reading to find out more. Search for fabric and other arts and crafts supplies online. A lot of the time, you can compare prices and find coupons on the Internet much more easily than going from craft store to craft store. When you shop online, you can get exactly what you want from the comfort of your own home. Browsing the internet for new ideas is a great way to expand your arts and crafts skills. You can see what other crafters are creating and gain a new perspective on what you can create with your crafting skills. So go online to find new ways to expand your creativity when you are doing your favorite craft or hobby. Keeping your arts and crafts supplies organized can lead to a more pleasant experience when working on projects. Invest in good storage boxes, organizers and cases especially for smaller items. Supplies like beads and glitter can easily be spilled or lost. When you bring home new supplies, immediately transfer them into storage or organizational boxes. Create a location in your home where you share your family's arts and crafts projects. Whether they are made at home or in school, these are things that should be cherished by everyone! So give them the proper location that allows for prime viewing. maybe a corner of your living room can be your project showcase area. Do what you can to make a craft work with what you already have at home. This isn't always possible, but you should try it. It's usually not worth running to the store to obtain the perfect paper, detail, trim, etc. You can diminish your enthusiasm for the project when you have to break to run errands. Consider opening up your own shop online, if you are particularly clever with arts and crafts. Many merchants are making considerable earnings by selling their works online, and so can you. A place like Etsy will allow you tosign up for free, and after that it's just between you and your customers; offer your most unique designs up first, and take it from there! To spend a fun afternoon filling in a paint-by-number picture, make sure you have all of the paints you need lined up, along with a bowl of water to clean out the brush between color applications. This introduces your hand to the rigors of painting without having to think up the picture as well. If you're creating arts and crafts for a sale or a give-away, map out the project you are considering first. When you need to make dozens of the same items, it's important to understand the costs of each and the time you'll need to make each one. Otherwise, you could end up with some very late nights and an empty wallet! As previously stated, there are lots of ways to create in arts and crafts. You can create a simple picture for your bathroom wall or a complex statue for your backyard. Use the tips located above to help you develop your art.

Diabetes

If you have diabetes then you know how important it is to try to keep it under control as best as you possibly can. There are many ways you can manage diabetes, and many things that you can do on your own. If you are on any kind of medication, you should be taking it every time you need to. Even if you are on a fixed income, there are many pharmaceutical companies that can supply you with medication at no cost to you, and the forms are pretty simple and straight forward. If you are planning a trip, make sure that you plan ahead, and order more medication if needed. Be sure to bring along some kind of insulin pen, that doesn't need to be refrigerated, and travels well. Make sure that you have enough test strips, and make sure that the batteries for your monitoring equipment are fully charged, but bring extras from home in case you are on an extended stay. Just because you have this disease, doesn't mean you can't eat at restaurants, but you have to be smart about your food choices. Read the ingredients closely, and try to stick with low calorie choices. You can have as many vegetables as you like, but should you choose to order a salad, make sure that you order the dressing on the side, then you can just dip the salad into it instead. Enjoy your meal slowly, and try to take home any leftovers. You can also avoid over eating by ordering half meals if possible. Make sure that you monitor you levels, thirty minutes before eating, and an hour after meals. Also be careful that you are eating when you are supposed to, because if you aren't eating properly, this could lead to further problems later on. Get regular exercise; a good cardiovascular work out can be in simple forms, such as walking or riding a bike. It is important that you get at least thirty minutes of exercise a day, whether at a gym, or at home. You need to maintain your weight and eat a healthy diet to prevent heart disease. Read the food labels when buying at grocery stores, check the calorie contents, what the portion sizes are, and stick to these to the letter. There are many other valuable resources to help you manage your diabetes. You can find many helpful tips and information on the internet, as well as from your doctor. Make sure that you talk with your doctor before you change your diet or exercise routines, and keep in touch with him about your blood sugar levels, as well as your A1c hemoglobin number. This is important in case they need to up your medication dosage, or adjust it in other areas. You don't have to let diabetes control your life, as long as you are doing what you need to do. Be informed about your diabetes, educate yourself, and those around you who may try to tempt you with things you know are bad for you. One last thing, people with this disease tend to have foot problems due to poor circulation, so you need to check your feet often, like with a mirror, after your bath or shower.

Men Ffaction

Men's fashion in the 2000s is now as indefinable as women's fashion has been for the past few years. Gone are the days when men couldn't look fashionable with those uninteresting shirts and mundane trousers. Looking good is not only a woman's privilege. Each year, trends for men's fashion are predicted, but hardly have they followed any fashion trends. Hence, they escape stylish clothing. Even if they go for shopping their last option would be on safe shirt and predictable trousers. For younger males, hip hop culture has highlighted many trends for men's fashion, while older males are increasingly aware of tailoring, and making a garment fit right for their body shape, rather than going with the fashion trend. Trends for men have always been a tricky issue. You need to make a statement, and yet not overdo it. For the men who want to get started with this voguish experiment, this year is not a year to go too bold with colors, whereas shades of blue and black are set to rule. Denims continue to rule 2014 and printed shirts and jackets will also be a hit. You can set your mood to make yourself look different from the crowd with slim, narrow trend with slush of colors. An exclusive printed jacket with layering and a good amount of texturing on the fabric with fine yet visible detailing will look great. Printed jackets can be highlighted with Kalamkari work. The trend of printed jackets and slim pants is the future of fashion and the new age man replaces cargos with slimmer pants and includes more linen jackets in their wardrobe. You can even pair up your jackets with slim fitting blue denims which are completely classic, timeless and are one of the most resourceful pieces you'll ever own. It is easy to dress oneself with the slimmer cut ensuring sharper lines and a better shape. Indigo jeans works with almost any look you can think of and will never be out of fashion, so it's worth investing good money in self finished fabrics, which is of a higher quality and is almost guaranteed to last longer. Basic knitwear will be an essential component of your layering this season, and you'll be wearing it a lot. These staple colors allow you to play around with bolder shades within the rest of your ensemble and the mid-weight ensures that they sit on the casual side of the spectrum, which is much more suitable when you're just starting out. When it comes to suits, double breasted blazers are in fashion, so for people who like slim fits, new styles have come up to give a try. Wider legged pants are replacing the slim cut trousers which were a trend last year. For those who like sweatshirts can try out ones with interesting prints or patterns, which are big and has graphic designs. Short sleeved shirts are also back in fashion. Also you can let go the traditional outfit and opt for well-fitted kurtas, bandgalas in simple designs. Sports coats, camouflage prints and army themes are very much in vogue at international fashion shows nowadays. Also, golf pants and shorts are hitting the trend. Few years back golfing attire was very simple and elegant, and aimed at comfort but trends change with time. Golfing attires have become funkier and can team up with cloth-button shirts. They look casual and less sporty.

Student Sleeping Time

High school begins across the U.S. this week and next. And it begins too early! Too early in the day, that is. Ask any groggy teenager waiting for a bus or yawning in “home room” and he or she will tell you that it’s just too darn early in the morning to learn chemistry equations or analyze a narrative by some Russian novelist. Are they just lazy? No. Scientific studies of teen sleep patterns say they’re right. So do results from numerous schools across the country that have delayed start times: The later classes begin, the more academic performance improves. Bonus points: attendance goes up, teen depression goes down, and fewer student drivers get into car crashes. Seeing the mounting evidence, the American Academy of Pediatrics yesterday released a new policy statement recommending that middle and high schools delay the start of class to 8:30 a.m. or later. Doing so will align school schedules to the biological sleep rhythms of adolescents, whose sleep-wake cycles begin to shift up to two hours later at the start of puberty, the policy statement says. The conclusions are backed by a technical report the academy also released yesterday, “Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences,” which is published in the September 2014 issue of Pediatrics. The “research is clear that adolescents who get enough sleep have a reduced risk of being overweight or suffering depression, are less likely to be involved in automobile accidents, and have better grades, higher standardized test scores and an overall better quality of life,” said pediatrician Judith Owens, lead author of the policy statement, titled “School Start Times for Adolescents.” The debate over whether to start school later has run for years, but a host of new studies have basically put it to rest. For one thing, biological research shows clearly that circadian rhythms shift during the teen years. Boys and girls naturally stay up later and sleep in later. The trend begins around age 13 or 14 and peaks between 17 and 19. The teens also need more sleep in general, so forcing them to be up early for school cuts into their sleep time as well as their sleep rhythm, making them less ready to learn during those first-period classes. Practice is proving the science. Hundreds of school districts in the U.S. have experimented with later start times and the academic performance of students has improved across the board. A study released in February that tracked 9,000 high school students in three states showed that grades in science, math, English and social studies all rose when school began at 8:35 or later. Controlled experiments with different start times among the same classes of students at two North Carolina high schools and among the freshman class at the U.S. Air Force Academy also showed that academic performance improved. The later the start, the better the result, too, according to Kyla Wahlstrom, director of the Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement at the University of Minnesota. She published the study of the 9,0000 students. Delaying the opening bell from 7:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m., for example, paid off more than delaying only until 8:00 a.m. Research indicates that students who get at least eight hours of sleep, and preferably nine, perform better than those who do not, Wahlstrom says, so a greater delay raises the chances of achieving those numbers. School districts may balk at such a large adjustment. But Wahlstrom says any change “will create some amount of community disruption, so there’s no real reason to make only a small shift; make the bigger shift and get the maximum benefit.” Most districts find that a change entails a full year of disruption, she say, “but then they don’t want to go back,” because the benefits are so tangible. The biggest resistance is just resistance to change, she says. “We’re into homeostasis.” What’s more, communities find that the usual worries about starting school later do not pan out, according to an analysis by the National Sleep Foundation. Students still succeed in holding part-time jobs, and after-school programs such as sports and theater still run well. “I get tired of the argument that these kids have to do all these activities and community service and therefore can’t start school later,” Wahlstrom says. “The issue is not the start time. It’s that the students are overly busy. There is too much pressure to cram it all in just to have a good resume to get into college.” Students, parents and school advisors should all be more judicious with what students choose to participate in, she says, with emphasis on doing certain activities well rather than piling up a long list. Studies in other countries such as Brazil, Italy and Israel also show that later start times improve learning. Across Europe, the equivalents of high school rarely begins before 9:00 a.m. “Europeans are shocked that Americans start so early,” Wahlstrom says. According to the pediatricians’ academy, 40 percent of U.S. high schools start before 8 a.m., and only 15 percent start at 8:30 a.m. or later. If school districts and parents are still not convinced, data about car crashes may make them take notice. Controlled studies are difficult, because so many factors are involved: the age of drivers varies within a school district, school districts with different start times have different mixes of students. But a few studies stand out. In Jackson Hole, Wyoming, for example, there is only one high school within a hundred mile radius. Delaying the start time from 7:35 a.m. to 8:55 a.m. correlated with a 70 percent reduction in car crashes among drivers ages 16 to 18. Another intriguing study was done more than 10 years ago by University of Kentucky researchers. In Fayette County, which has only one school district, crash rates of teen drivers dropped 16.5 percent in the two years after start times were delayed one hour, compared with the two years before the change. The kicker: the teen crash rate for the rest of the state went up 7.8 percent in the same time period. Sure enough, the portion of Fayette County students who got at least eight hours of sleep during weeknights rose from 36 percent to 50 percent, and those who got at least nine hours rose from 6 percent to 11 percent. Nonetheless, more comprehensive results are needed before fewer accidents can be reliably linked to later school start times, Wahlstrom says. But anecdotally, the idea makes sense. “Driving is monotonous,” she notes. “So if you’re sleep-deprived, you’re more likely to lose attention, have your head nod or fall asleep at the wheel.”

March

Does it deserve the Rang De Basanti soundtrack? Totally. With little gaps of the soothing sound of “Inshallah … .Inshallah”. But soundtrack aside, what is happening? The Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaaf (PTI) is having an Azadi party, er, march. While the Pakistan Awami Tehreek (PAT) soldiers have finally been given an opportunity to prove to their leader just how devoted and obedient they are as they chant and march behind him. Both teams want the prime minister gone. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif looks grimmer than ever and politicians from all the other political parties are feeling severely left out, hence PPP’s Shazia Marri’s outburst at the National Assembly this morning and the emergence of MQM’s Haider Abbas Rizvi and Ejaz-ul-Haq in Islamabad. Clichéd jokes aside, the PTI has once again done what no other political party could do (without threatening or buying them out): charge the previously apolitical and get them to rally for a cause, which quite possibly could rid us of a very corrupt government. The PTI are disciplined enough to follow their leader Imran Khan’s call for peaceful protest but rowdy enough to flip a container or two without really causing harm to public property (leave aside the fact that they’ve taken over the capital city at the moment). Alongside the PTI, march the angry man PAT’s Tahir-ul-Qadri and his chanters. His followers are very different from Khan’s supporters. They will sit when he tells them to sit and stand when he wants them to rise. While Khan’s protest revolves around rigging and corruption the PML-N’s involved in, Qadri’s beef goes beyond. Two months ago, several followers of TuQ lost their lives in a scuffle with the police outside his residence in Lahore. Those killed included women and children. The tragic incident was strongly protested against and in any other country, it would have been reason enough for members of the provincial if not federal, government to step down. PML-N supporters are probably itching to have a go at the PTI and PAT crowd, except those guys are still preaching peace. Although one may add here, senior PML-N leaders have vaguely reminded the country that they too have thousands of supporters sitting in the bleachers waiting for a signal. The Sharifs and their party may not be publicly foaming at the mouth just yet, but their blockades and closures to the capital are saying enough. Oh, the representatives of democracy! TuQ’s stance remains consistent, while Khan goes up and down. Khan calls for civil disobedience and you have thousands going up in face-palms. Then he redeems himself by stating that he’s open to talks with the government if Nawaz Sharif packs up. Although that still sounds unachievable, it isn’t as unreasonable as what he first started off with. Much as we are familiar with Khan and his charisma and his ability to self-destruct, TuQ is a whole different matter. Who is he? Where did he drop in from? I mean it’s true, we do often pray for fresh faces in our political scene, but this isn’t exactly what we meant. He claims he’s been living with his extended family in a one-canal house in Lahore since 35 years except he hasn’t – he just came back from Canada where he resides. His comparisons of Pakistan with other war-torn nations are often a bit of a stretch and his warnings of the doom approaching us seem a bit exaggerated even to the strongest pessimists. But, he is a brave man. He is live on national television at the moment asking Nawaz Sharif if he would still preach democracy if it were, God forbid his children who lost their lives. Despite the session court judge’s orders, no action has yet taken place on the incident outside his residence – he asks what good is such a democracy. I wonder as well. Oh and he loves the Army. Moving on, what’s going to happen tonight? Other than PTV, which insists on showing news from South Korea and China despite everything going on here, the news channels will have another field day with experts coming in and giving their 'valuable' opinions. Both the movements in Islamabad will probably gain momentum as Khan tempts the rest of the country to join the biggest event in Pakistan’s recent history. Both the parties will also continue to vouch their love and support for the Army, which stands alert in the shadows. But will all of this make Nawaz Sharif pack up? More importantly, do you want it to be so? Those not in love with Azadi and its agents might be sitting and wondering where they stand. Nawaz Sharif packing up doesn’t just mean the end of PML-N or this government; it will deeply damage democracy, as many argue. Sure, this democracy is a sham but it is a system. A very broken and bruised system that Zardari of all people, managed to pass on to Sharif. Could supporting Khan or TuQ mean being anti-democratic? What means more right now? Not derailing democracy - or not allowing another corrupt government to take the nation for a ride. What about the precedent these rallies will set? What if someone not as good-looking and patriotic, or someone not as scholarly, approaches the capital with thousands or more, and demands for the government to resign for whatever reason? What then?

Pakistani Car Manufacturers

I always thought that this would not only help reduce the cost of cars, but will also help increase the facilities and safety of cars in Pakistan, and the boy in me was secretly hoping for these companies to eventually start a professional car racing industry in Pakistan. But after passage of more than 2 decades, I see that Pakistani cars have tripled in price, while not many new models or facilities or even safety features have been introduced in the cars in Pakistan. In fact I am shocked to find that second hand Japanese imported cars of the same company, model and year, are not only cheaper, but they have a ton of extra facilities and safety features which are missing in Pakistani cars. Strangely the price of automobiles was greatly increased (50-60%) in 2008. At that time the companies blamed the increasing dollar rate but we have all witnessed a steep fall in dollar rate and there has been no decrease in automobile rates in Pakistan. Similarly, the amount of extra facilities like back cameras, cruise control, LED displays etc and safety features like air bags, back seat belts, ABS, fog lights etc are staggering in imported second hand Japanese cars but are missing in Pakistani manufactured cars. My questions were answered when I met an ex-employee of one of the major automobile manufacturer who told me, in great details, how the cars in Pakistan are "downgraded" at the manufacturers facility. Since the Pakistan car manufacturers do not use local part makers, they instead import pre-assembled car parts, that are than assembled into a car at the Pakistani facility. While assembling the manufacturer removes all the advance facilities and safety features from the pre-assembled parts, replacing them with cheap and unsafe alternatives. The removed parts are than re-exported to Japan for further sale. Although the Pakistani car manufacturing association is very powerful. But if the CCP or any other Government organization want, they can easily impound all in-transit shipments of pre-assembled parts, and than compare the features of these parts with the parts installed in cars available at the manufacturers dealerships. I think our Prime Minister, Mr Nawaz Sharif, is a car lover and he would also want the Pakistani car manufacturing sector to be eventually exporting and researching new cars from Pakistan. Therefore he should look into this investigation personally and ensure no unfair practices are used in deceiving the public.

Health Care In Pakistan

In Pakistan history has bore witness to general lack of health facilities and medical malpractices. For one reason or the other, the situation has not been significantly improved, if at all been made better off.In technical terms medical malpractice means: “A professional negligence by act or omission of a health care provider in which care provided deviates from accepted standards of practice”. Although, usually doctors are held responsible for any medical malpractice in Pakistan’s hospitals, but here I would like to highlight some other factors as well which become the causes of ill treatment of a patient. The causes like the lack of structural infrastructure and basic health facilities, the inefficient role of the hospital administration and the profit motivated pharmaceutical companies run a great deal of risk in exacerbating and damaging a patients already vulnerable condition. However along with these factors, the institutional framework to improve health system of Pakistan has not been given proper thoughtfulness or importance which is deemed necessary. Pakistan being a third world country does not have enough resources to improve its health care system but that is not enough an excuse to keep a shamefully low amount of budget allocation for health which is just 0.7% of the GDP. Not even 1%! Yet we hear all the time that with the ongoing war on terror and disputes with neighboring countries, Pakistan cannot afford to reallocate its expenditure from defense to any other sector. With the government’s failure to provide better health facilities and increased awareness of health among people; a large gap has been created between the supply and demand of health facilities. To shorten this gap, private sector has stepped in and has been somewhat successful in improving the health facilities in Pakistan. Private sector has played a huge part in improving health facilities in Pakistan. This has been done by building new hospitals, using latest technology and increasing the doctor’s salaries. Although, efforts have been made in the past decade to improve the overall health position in Pakistan but what underlines this fact is that the number of incidents of medical malpractice has greatly increased, especially in private hospitals. The unfortunate events of medical malpractices (like the case of Immane Malik and similar) can be attributed to a number of reasons. Negligence on the part of hospital administration in handling their staff, duties and responsibility is one main reason other than the obvious doctor’s carelessness. Furthermore, when a pharmaceutical company is motivated by profits, it actually plays with the lives of the patients as recent examples of fraudulent companies and fake medicines have come ashore. The facilities here in Pakistan are not adequate to treat a patient successfully especially in public hospitals where the demand for medical health care is high. There are not even that many hospitals beds available to accommodate such number of patients. Although private hospitals have come to the rescue but most of the Pakistani population cannot afford it. The charges of private hospitals are very high so people prefer to go to public or civil hospitals where they are forced to stand in long lines and facilities are also not up to proper standards. In public hospitals there is a shortage of doctors, so the ratio of patient to doctor is very high and more often than not the doctors are unable to attend to these patients. There are not enough nurses to see such a large number of patients. Even if there are nurses they are not fully trained and often cause mixing error. Mixing error takes place when the medical staff such as nurses mixes the medication of one patient with the other. This may lead to serious problems and can even lead to death. Other than this there is no proper documentation in Pakistan’s hospitals. Documentation is essential regarding each and every detail e.g. the number of visits made to the doctor and the dates, the various reports of patients. The absence of any such documentation leads to many errors as a proper follow up is mandatory and if the hospital would not keep record of all this then effective treatment cannot take place. If the patient has been prescribed a certain course of medicine and there is no previous record of that. This can lead the patient to repeat the course which might have serious side effects. So doctors are not responsible for malpractice in Pakistan, it includes hospital administration as well which monitor the facilities provided inside the hospital such as medicine, nurses, ward boy, and finally documentation. Failure in providing any of these to proper international standard results in loss of health. Other than blaming doctors or hospital administration, pharmaceutical companies are also to be blamed for medical malpractice in Pakistan. It occurs when patient takes some medicine to improve his or health, but the medicine rather than improving the health of the patient further deteriorates and causes other medical problems. And unfortunately recent past has shoved in a number of examples of profit galloping pharmaceutical companies, hungry to make money even on the expense of precious human lives. An example could be the recent Tyno cough syrup incident which took dozens of lives. Ironically all these factors of structural incompetence or structural malfunctioning are just the tip of an iceberg in relation to the issue of health system in Pakistan. This structural incompetence or malfunctioning actually results from institutional dis-functioning where the main issue lies in planning and implementing better health strategies, and we lack both. With such mockingly low level rates of GDP being spent on health, we can barely hope for a strong stable health system in Pakistan yet we desperately seek one

Technology Means for Healthcare

What does the future hold for the transcription industry? In the third installment of the Journal’s series on transcription, take a look at the new technology aimed at boosting productivity, improving accuracy, and, in some cases, asking physicians for direct information input. The year is 2006, and there are just a few hundred medical transcriptionists (MTs) still transcribing reports, serving only those older physicians who haven’t changed with the times—and the times have definitely changed. Physicians have finally recognized the power of electronic health records (EHRs) as well as the fact that this power is realized only if they input clinical data directly into the EHR. The vast majority of physicians are using empirically refined templates, pick lists, and other methods of structured, codifiedinput through the evolved progeny of today’s Palm PCs, pocket PCs, and Tablet PCs. Input methods include touch-screen, speech recognition, handwriting recognition, and perhaps other technology not yet invented. There are no longer any delays or expenses resulting from transcription. Plus, healthcare organizations enjoy numerous benefits derived from analyzing codified clinical data. But this is only one vision. Another vision of 2006 incorporates an unavoidable reality: many physicians strongly resist directly inputting clinical data. They believe it slows them down, which outweighs the potential overall healthcare benefits. Additionally, these physicians believe that structured input of patient information limits the freedom of expression afforded by free text. And frankly, these physicians don’t put much stock in the value of clinical practice analysis. So transcription continues. In fact, it expands dramatically. Due to regulatory controls and other pressures, more providers dictate more clinical notes than ever. The need for MTs explodes. In 2006, there are half a million MTs required to convert voice dictations into text, more than double today’s number. Which is the accurate vision? Neither. In three years, it’s likely that the transcription industry will resemble a combination of these two visions. More clinical notes will be needed in computer-ready form—and not through the scanning of handwritten paper charts. Both coded input and electronic free text will have an important place in the future. But technology continues to advance, and these advances will ultimately alter both the state of clinical documentation and the face of medical transcription. In this article, we’ll take a look at the most intriguing documentation technologies of today and tomorrow. Direct Data Input Enables Analysis Most EHRs already offer physicians the opportunity to fully construct their clinical notes by selecting the appropriate data right on their computers or personal digital assistants (PDAs). They can do this with a mouse, touch-pen, or voice. Templates for common conditions facilitate the input process, but it still generally takes longer to generate a note in this manner than by dictation. Yet much of the documentation can be done during the encounter, and the payoff from this method could be awesome. One of the reasons healthcare costs continue to escalate—now consuming 15 percent of what American households spend every year, with double-digit increases from year to year—is because we are not learning from experience. The only way to turn the crisis around is to implement continuous quality improvement. We must learn from analyzing the process and outcome of every clinical encounter. Then this new knowledge will enable us to increase the quality and decrease the cost of care. But we can only do this if we have data to analyze. Direct physician input of structured/codified data would provide the data we need, particularly if the industry adopts a controlled clinical vocabulary, such as SNOMED-CT. Then we will be able to understand which findings are connected to which diagnoses, which treatments work best under what conditions, and when diagnostic tests are worth performing. We can convert this learning to point-of-care clinical guidance and decision support to improve the cost-effectiveness of healthcare. But to make this happen, physicians will have to stop dictating and, instead, enter clinical data directly into a computer. This will not be an easy change to get them to make. Physicians Input Free Text It is likely to be a while before most physicians agree to perform direct entry of structured/codified data. Even when physicians agree to enter some data this way, they will still need a free-text “option” for information that doesn’t fit into the coding structure. Free text can be entered by typing, speaking, or handwriting. Most physicians will prefer speaking. “Front-end” speech recognition enables a physician to dictate into a computer or a portable (possibly wireless) device for uploading to the computer. Recognized text appears immediately on the screen. The recognition engine will make a few errors and the dictator will correct those errors via keyboard or voice. Less than 5 percent of practicing physicians are currently using speech recognition to generate clinical reports. And even some of these early adopters confess that they could see at least two to three additional patients each day if they didn’t have to take the time to correct the errors made by the recognition engine, despite its impressive accuracy rates of 95 to 99 percent. However, those physicians claiming a time savings by having their reports transcribed by an MT instead may not be reviewing their transcribed reports for errors either. Handwriting recognition is finally coming of age. The new tablet PCs provide incredible accuracy for reasonably legible handwriting. And this technology, like speech recognition, will become more accurate over time. Although speech is considerably faster than handwriting, it is often more palatable to handwrite notes in the presence of the patient. So both will have an important place in the future of free-text clinical documentation. None of the free-text entry methods provide useful data for clinical practice research. However, natural language processing (NLP) technology can extract clinical facts from narrative reports and turn those facts into codes. NLP is currently in its infancy, but it too will advance. Clinical guidance is considerably easier to implement with structured, codified input than with free text, but changing physician behavior is not an easy challenge. Therefore, free text with NLP-aided analysis may prove to be a reasonable option in many clinical settings. Patients Can Contribute Data Patients are an untapped information resource in the healthcare delivery system. Why not let them contribute to the documentation of their own ambulatory clinical episodes? They clearly shouldn’t be documenting the physical exam, assessment, or management plan. But with the right tool, they can effectively enter the subjective data related to their symptoms and relevant medical history, which, on average, represents about half of the entire encounter’s documentation. In fact, they should be able to provide much more comprehensive and useful data than a physician could document in today’s all-too-brief clinical encounters. With a highly developed medical knowledge base driving the computer-based patient questionnaire, the quality and relevance of patient history information will be superior to the data from a physician interview. Employing a patient questionnaire would provide several benefits, including: patients know that all their symptoms will be noted encounters will be more efficient dictation and data entry time will be decreased transcription costs will be decreased service (and billing levels) will increase Patients can fill out these structured questionnaires either in the waiting room or over the Web. If over the Web, the summarized and organized output can be used for triage. For example, urgency and appropriate length of appointment can be determined. Indicated lab and radiology tests can be requisitioned, so that results are available at encounter time. And sometimes self-care can be prescribed or the patient can be immediately directed to a specialist. Patient-provided histories have the potential to significantly improve the cost effectiveness of healthcare if physicians embrace this powerful and innovative approach to streamlining healthcare encounters. The organized output from these computerized questionnaires can also be used to form a basis for “Web visits.” Many conditions do not actually require a face-to-face encounter with a healthcare provider. By using a comprehensive patient history provided over the Web, physicians can sometimes treat patients via e-mail. Patients don’t have to make the trip to the doctor and the cost of care is substantially reduced. Although patients might have to pay a modest fee out-of-pocket for this service, some insurance companies are investigating the quality and cost implications of including Web visits in their coverage. The implications this approach holds for our nation’s overall cost of healthcare are significant. Speedtyping Saves Transcription Time There’s no need for transcriptionists to type out every word in a report anymore. Speedtyping software, sometimes called “abbreviation expanders” or “word expanders,” can save a significant number of keystrokes, thereby improving transcriptionist productivity. There are two kinds of speedtyping software available. Conventional speedtyping software works like an autocorrecting function in a word processor: users create their own set of abbreviations. For example, an MT could set up “uga” as the abbreviation for “under general anesthesia.” Whenever the MT hits the spacebar or punctuation, the software checks the abbreviation list. If there’s something in the list that matches the characters that the MT just typed, it replaces the abbreviation with the associated full text. This software can save about 30 percent of an MT’s keystrokes, and is provided by multiple vendors. A more advanced approach to speedtyping, offered by a smaller number of vendors, can save about 70 percent of a transcriptionist’s keystrokes. It comes with a built-in vocabulary of the words that are used in medical reports. Users can then add words, phrases, and blocks of text to reflect any uniqueness in the kinds of reports they transcribe. This software shows the transcriptionist, character by character, which word or phrase will be inserted if the spacebar (or punctuation) is pressed. It also provides a list of other words and phrases that can be entered by striking their associated keys. The primary word and the listed words may be ordered by frequency of occurrence in medical reports. Thus, the words that occur most frequently become the easiest to type. Productivity increases with speedtyping software typically range from 20 to 80 percent, though some users actually double their productivity. Some software ensures correct spelling and hyphenation of all words. Plus, it automatically capitalizes appropriate words such as brand names. These programs have a one-time cost around $200. Consider what a 50 percent increase in transcription productivity is worth each year. There may be no better return on investment anywhere in the domain of healthcare information technology. Back-end Speech Recognition Transparent to Doctors Back-end speech recognition could also be called computer-assisted transcription. Physicians dictate as usual, while their digital voice files are run through a speech engine on a local or remote server. A draft report is then electronically shipped to a medical editor, along with the synchronized voice file. The editor listens, reads, and corrects any mistakes. The corrected text is sent back to the dictator for review and authentication. Even with the quality-degraded voice files resulting from telephone dictation, this approach is expected to eventually average enough accuracy for most dictators that editors will be far more productive than transcriptionists. To achieve this improvement, it’s important to provide the editors with software designed to streamline the correction process. With recognition accuracy in the 90 to 95 percent range (which is one mistake on every one or two lines), if physicians have to make the corrections, they will be highly distressed. However, an editor armed with the appropriate editing software should find the correction process much faster than transcribing the entire report. Most of these editors will be former MTs. Some of the implementations of this approach can, on average, double productivity. However, the technology is expensive, and users will have to pay to the providing vendor some of what is saved in labor cost. Nonetheless, back-end recognition is gaining traction in the industry and likely will play a major role in the future of clinical documentation. The most appealing aspect of these back-end systems is that they don’t require physicians to change behavior. Physician resistance to change is a reality that often has to be accepted if we want to move forward at all. As Lawrence Weed, MD, father of the Problem-Oriented Medical Record adopted in the 1970s and Problem-Knowledge Couplers, a software tool that links patient problems to a medical knowledge base, once said, “If physicians were in charge of airports, there would be no radar. Just intensive care units all around the periphery.” Weed, an entrepeneur and healthcare visionary, argues that the healthcare system’s reliance on doctors’ memories for effective care is dangerous and inefficient. Physicians and patients would be better served, he says, if doctors instead accessed medical literature at the point of care to assign diagnoses and shape treatment plans. Which Tool Meets Your Needs? We’ve taken a brief look at some existing and evolving technologies that should alter the healthcare documentation landscape in the coming years. The vision of 2006 is still a bit hazy. The solutions outlined above will find their way into more healthcare settings as the years go by. But one size does not fit all. The key will be in combining technologies to meet site-specific needs. The challenge facing HIM managers is to design and implement the documentation process most compatible with their organizational goals, available resources, and physician mindsets. This is by no means a small challenge, but it is surely an exciting one. Clinical documentation methodologies may be the most powerful tools available for improving the quality and cost effectiveness of healthcare. By 2006, the technologies will be further enhanced. Some of these tools can bring impressive efficiency and cost reduction to the transcription process. But others can actually advance the science of medicine, ultimately providing the kind of point-of-care clinical guidance that will make healthcare be all that it can be.

Advancing Technology

Is technology advancing faster than what we could handle? In today’s world, society has become accustomed to all the new technology that has been made for us. Our world today isn’t the same as it was fifty years ago. This is because technology has advanced tremendously in such a short time. Technological advances have helped us in many ways, such as improving our lifestyles and helping our society in quite a few ways. However a few people are afraid that technology will advance even more, yet slow our society down. In just a decade, technology has advanced tremendously. We went from dinosaur phones, to small touch screen phones. And from elephant-like televisions, to sixty inch wide televisions that could be hung up on the wall. Our world is capable of doing so many things that couldn’t be done fifty years ago. Technology has brought us new equipment that is capable of helping us advance in a fast, yet safe way. People who use technology the proper way and don’t abuse it, can actually say that technology has improved our lifestyles and has made many tasks easier. As a student who wants to major in Architecture, I have noticed that technology will play a huge role in this specific career. This is why I consider the technology as a good thing, unlike others who see it as a negative thing. The reason some people disagree on tech advancing so fast, is because they are afraid that it could slow our society down, by causing people to become a bit lazy. However this only applies to those who abuse it and don’t use it the proper way as how it is supposed to be used. Technology seems to be opening more opportunities for people, and helping us connect to the rest of the world. I could now easily see my family from Mexico within a few minutes, other than having to drive seven hours south. Technology is a wonderful thing, and is capable of providing our world with a better future. It excites me to know how fast tech is advancing, and to think about how it will be in another ten years, excites me even more! Our world will change for the best, and technology will be the reason why it will.

Is Iceland's Next Volcanic Eruption about to Happen?

The Iceland Meteorological Office has increased the risk of an eruption at Bárðarbunga (or Bardarbunga) volcano, after hundreds of earthquakes were reported over the weekend. The risk level has been set to orange, which is the fourth-highest on a five-level scale. Here we asked Dave McGarvie, a volcanologist at The Open University, to explain what we need to know. Should we be worried? We have known for some time that Bárðarbunga was going to do something – we just didn’t know what. Because it is covered in ice, we rely on instruments to reveal its behaviour. Now it has stirred, it is giving us clues about what it is about to do. The clues from the patterns of earthquakes and earth movements reveal two clusters where magma is moving towards the surface, and if it gets there it will erupt. But whether this will be a gentle or a violent eruption is uncertain at the time of writing. There is no way to predict when the eruption may happen, but we should get a few hours notice. The good news for air travel is that both clusters are away from the heart of the main volcano which makes it less likely that an eruption will produce the fine ash that causes disruption. What would the eruption look like? At the very least, magma will stall in the Earth’s crust and form an intrusion. We may never see any manifestation of this, except on instruments. But if magma does break through to the surface, then how much magma erupts and what is above it will determine the eruption style. If it is under thick ice – that is more than 400m thick – and not much magma comes up, then a pile of volcanic rock will accumulate at the base of the glacier. This will melt a lot of water (14 times the volume of magma under ideal conditions), and we may see a depression in the ice surface. This will add water to a major river, and cause flooding downstream. If it is under thick ice and lot of magma erupts along a fissure, then we will see a repeat of the Gjálp eruption of 1996, with erupting magma melting a pathway to the ice surface within hours and forming an eruption plume. Compared to the massive plume of Grimsvotn 2011, this will be a small plume and less problematic for air travel as the particles will not be dispersed widely. If magma breaks to the surface outside the glacier margin, there are likely to be small but powerful local explosions as the rising magma encounters the water-bearing sediments that occupy the land in front of the glacier margin. Explosion may occur because flashing water to steam involves more than a thousand times expansion in volume. After the water has been used up, or the magma isolated from the water, then a normal fissure eruption would be expected. I emphasise that the above are what I currently consider the most likely scenarios. The “likeliest” scenario could change at a moment’s notice. That is part of the fun and frustration of anticipating eruptions at poorly-known and remote volcanoes. What is the worst-case scenario? That this is the start of a major volcano-tectonic event at Bárðarbunga, which may further develop to the southwest. This is a concern because in the southwest there are fissures that have produced Iceland’s most voluminous lava flows, since the ice melted some 9,000 years ago. Also to the southwest of Bárðarbunga lie the rivers which produce much of Iceland’s hydroelectric energy, and a fissure eruption in this area could cause big problems. Icelanders have long known about this possibility and have specific plans in place should this happen. I emphasise that we don’t know yet whether this is an isolated event or the start of a more prolonged and larger volcano-tectonic episode. It may be years before we know for certain. But at some time in the future there will be a major fissure eruption to the southwest of Bárðarbunga – we just don’t know when. Could this be another Eyjafjallajökull? The Eyjafjallajökull eruption caused a lot of disruption to flights in Europe. However, it is important to note that, all things being equal, if an Eyjafjallajökull-like eruption happened tomorrow then there would be far less disruption to air traffic – something less than half the flight cancellations of 2010. There are two main reasons for this. First is that the old flight rules – avoid all ash – have been relaxed so aircraft can now fly when there is some (but not too much) ash in the sky. Second is that the Met Office revised its model that estimated ash concentrations in the atmosphere, so we now have more certainty about how much ash there is and where it is. If something unusual were to happen and a substantial amount of magma started rising within the heart of Bárðarbunga, then there could be a large explosive ash-producing eruption. The good news is that we have a better idea of what to expect from such an explosive basalt eruption because we had one in 2011 at Grimsvotn. To provide context, Grímsvötn was Iceland’s most powerful explosive eruption since Katla 1918, and was about 100 times more powerful than Eyjafjallajökull Compared to Eyjafjallajökull 2010, Grímsvötn 2011 produced twice as much ash in a tenth of the time. We were lucky with Grímsvötn 2011, because a combination of wind direction and the new flight rules meant far less disruption to air travel. Over Europe only about 900 out of 90,000 of flights were cancelled in 2011. In comparison, about 94,000 flights were cancelled during Eyjafjallajökull’s 2010 eruption. Why was Eyjafjallajökull so bad? Eyjafjallajökull 2010 was a “perfect volcanic storm”. It was unusually long-lived, about 39 days, whereas most explosive eruptions in Iceland last just a few days to a week. It produced an unusually high proportion of the type of fine ash that is most easily transported long distances. Dry weather meant that the ash was not “washed” out of the atmosphere, and prevailing winds carried the ash almost directly to the UK and western Europe. We had the old “ash in the sky so you don’t fly” flight rules which grounded everything. Finally, the old Met Office model slightly overestimated the concentration of ash in the sky. No knowledgeable volcanologist worth their salt would ever suggest basing western Europe’s ash cloud mitigation plans on a repeat of Eyjafjallajökull 2010, because it is very unlikely. A short-lived but powerful injection of ash into the atmosphere like Grímsvötn 2011 is more typical.

Scientists Finally Catch On to Social Media

In 2011, Emmanuel Nnaemeka Nnadi needed help to sequence some drug-resistant fungal pathogens. A PhD student studying microbiology in Nigeria, he did not have the expertise and equipment he needed. So he turned to ResearchGate, a free social-networking site for academics, and fired off a few e-mails. When he got a reply from Italian geneticist Orazio Romeo, an inter­national collaboration was born. Over the past three years, the two scientists have worked together on fungal infections in Africa, with Nnadi, now at Plateau State University in Bokkos, shipping his samples to Romeo at the University of Messina for analysis. “It has been a fruitful relationship,” says Nnadi — and they have never even met. Ijad Madisch, a Berlin-based former physician and virologist, tells this story as just one example of the successes of ResearchGate, which he founded with two friends six years ago. Essentially a scholarly version of Facebook or LinkedIn, the site gives members a place to create profile pages, share papers, track views and downloads, and discuss research. Nnadi has uploaded all his papers to the site, for instance, and Romeo uses it to keep in touch with hundreds of scientists, some of whom helped him to assemble his first fungal genome. More than 4.5 million researchers have signed up for ResearchGate, and another 10,000 arrive every day, says Madisch. That is a pittance compared with Facebook’s 1.3 billion active users, but astonishing for a network that only researchers can join. And Madisch has grand goals for the site: he hopes that it will become a key venue for scientists wanting to engage in collaborative discussion, peer review papers, share negative results that might never otherwise be published, and even upload raw data sets. “With ResearchGate we’re changing science in a way that’s not entirely foreseeable,” he says, telling investors and the media that his aim for the site is to win a Nobel prize. The company now employs 120 people, and last June it announced that it had secured $35 million from investors including the world’s richest individual, Bill Gates — cash that came on top of two earlier rounds of undisclosed investment. “It was really a head-scratcher when we saw that,” says Leslie Yuan, who heads a team working on networking and innovation software for scientists at the University of California, San Francisco. “We thought — who are these guys? How are they getting so much money?” Yuan is not the only one who has been taken aback. A few years ago, the idea that millions of scholars would rush to join one giant academic social network seemed dead in the water. The list of failed efforts to launch a ‘Facebook for science’ included Scientist Solutions, SciLinks, Epernicus, 2collab and Nature Network (run by the company that publishes Nature). Some observers speculated that this was because scientists were wary of sharing data, papers and comments online — or if they did want to share, they would prefer do it on their own terms, rather than through a privately owned site. But it seems that those earlier efforts were ahead of their time —or maybe they were simply doing it wrong. Today, ResearchGate is just one of several academic social networks going viral. San Francisco-based competitor Academia.edu says that it has 11 million users. “The goal of the company is to rebuild science publishing from the ground up,” declares chief executive Richard Price, who studied philosophy at the University of Oxford, UK, before he founded Academia.edu in 2008, and has already raised $17.7 million from venture capitalists. A third site, London-based Mendeley, claims 3.1 million members. It was originally launched as software for managing and storing documents, but it encourages private and public social networking. The firm was snapped up in 2013 by Amsterdam-based publishing giant Elsevier for a reported £45 million (US$76 million). Winning formula Despite the excitement and investment, it is far from clear how much of the activity on these sites involves productive engagement, and how much is just passing curiosity — or a desire to access papers shared by other users that they might otherwise have to pay for. “I’ve met basically no academics in my field with a favourable view of ResearchGate,” says Daniel MacArthur, a geneticist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. In an effort to get past the hype and explore what is really happening, Nature e-mailed tens of thousands of researchers in May to ask how they use social networks and other popular profile-hosting or search services, and received more than 3,500 responses from 95 different countries. The results confirm that ResearchGate is certainly well-known (see ‘Remarkable reach’ below, and full results online at go.nature.com/jvx7pl). More than 88% of scientists and engineers said that they were aware of it — slightly more than had heard of Google+ and Twitter — with little difference between countries. Just under half said that they visit regularly, putting the site second only to Google Scholar, and ahead of Facebook and LinkedIn. Almost 29% of regular visitors had signed up for a profile on ResearchGate in the past year.

World's Fastest Camera Shoots 4.4 Trillion Images Per Second - D-brief | DiscoverMagazine.com

World's Fastest Camera Shoots 4.4 Trillion Images Per Second - D-brief | DiscoverMagazine.com

Normal Diet

Although you know now what you can eat, there are still some other questions that you should have the answers to, before you get started with your diet. Make no mistake: Despite the fact that cutting down on calories but still getting nutrition is really the driving point behind any great diet, there are other factors that are going to end up playing a role in the success or failure of your diet. And some of these include good eating habits. Learning these habits is something that will, in the long run, prove very beneficial to your diet. Not only will they increase its effectiveness, but some may even help you to maintain it, which is essential especially when you’re first starting out. Without further delay, let’s get started looking at some of these habits. Eating Less, But More Often Most of us eat three big meals a day. Breakfast, lunch, and then dinner. That much is pretty standard throughout the world. Some of us even end up snacking in between, just to fill up. One of the best things that you could instill in yourself when you start your diet is to simply do as the title says: Eat less, but eat more often! Really, nothing could be easier to do. At every meal, start consuming smaller portions, but instead of eating just three meals a day, eat every two or three hours instead. If you do this, you’ll find that the results are really amazing. Basically, whenever we eat, our body’s metabolism kicks in. So by eating on a more regular basis, your metabolism is constantly primed, and getting rid of more energy than it would be if you were eating less regularly. Furthermore, by eating more regularly, you’re also going to find it a lot easier to cut down on those ‘in-between-meal’ snacks that many people end up resorting to. On the whole, the idea is to not consume more calories than you normally would, but just spread it out over several smaller meals. Thus, you’ll enjoy the benefits that can be obtained by eating more often, while at the same time, because your calorie intake is the same, you won’t really be giving your body any more excess energy Breakfast is important. That is one fact that can’t be stressed enough, and really, it ties in with the point that we just made in the last section. Knowing what you now know about regular meals, it would stand to reason that soon after you do wake up, you would want to eat something to kick off your metabolism that has pretty much been running on neutral while you sleep. But there’s more to breakfast than just that. Over the years, studies have shown that skipping breakfast can actually cause your body to go into ‘survival’ mode, which is detrimental towards weight loss through dieting. In fact, it means that your body would more readily store energy, in the form of fat, of course! Even if you’re not the kind of person that generally likes to eat so early in the day, taking a bite or two of something healthy would not be amiss. Grab a fruit, or eat a salad. Really, the choice is entirely yours. Just remember what we said about smaller meals at more regular intervals though, because it applies to breakfast as much as any other meal too! To put it simply: Have a meal within the first half hour or so of waking up. Avoid Eating Right before Hitting the Sack Some of us just love having supper, and for most, it probably consists of just a small bite to eat about an hour or so before going to sleep. Unfortunately, this ‘small bite’ can have longstanding effects, and should definitely be one of the first things to go for anyone whom is seriously on a diet. Based on what you already know about dieting, the reasons for this should be obvious. Basically, it’s once again a question of storing reserve energy. As you would expect, when you’re awake, your body is consuming more energy through all the activities that you’re putting it through. Even something as simple as sitting in front of the TV is actually consuming energy. However, when you’re asleep, your body is expending far less energy. For this reason, any and all food that you consume before you hit the sack, once it is converted to energy, for the most part, ends up as excess energy. This is, as you well know by this point, stored as fat. If you want to get the very best out of your diet, it is advisable that you don’t eat for about four to five hours before you go to sleep. That way, you’ll give your body enough time to work through whatever existing energy remains, and possibly even burn some of your fat-based reserves! Then, while you sleep, there’ll be no excess energy to be stored, leaving you completely fat-free! Coupled with the fact that you’re going to be eating breakfast anyway, your nutritional needs will be well taken care of, so you needn’t worry about that part too much. Although all of the three simple habits that we’ve discussed may seem like run-of-the-mill type habits, the truth is that they’re a crucial part of any good diet. Without them, you’ll find that the effects that you receive aren’t as good as you’d expect. With them, on the other hand, you can rest assured that you’re on the right track! At this point, you’re almost at the finish line. Now you know what to eat, when to eat, and how to eat – basically, everything that you do need to know about diting, But effectively dieting is more than just about choosing the right diet. Very early on in this guide, we’d mentioned that many people end up going off course for a number of reasons, and thus, to successfully diet, it would make sense that you should know how to deal with these problems.

Teeth Cleen

Teeth whitening cannot be achieved with just one or two visits to a dentist’s surgery. Depending on the condition of your teeth, it usually requires several daily visits before you have the desired results. Visiting a dentist every day, for 1-2 weeks or more, is not easy for most people. That is the reason why, dentists usually give their clients a whitening gel and two mouth trays and ask them to carry out the process for themselves for a specific number of days. This makes us realise that even professional whitening is carried out at home under the dentist’s advice. As we mentioned above, most of the whitening process is done at home, and if you get a high quality teeth-whitening kit and follow the instructions, you will have exactly the same results as when visiting your dentist, but at a much lower price. Apart from the whitening gel, home whitening kits provide you with two mouth trays which you fill with the gel before applying them over your teeth. It is very important that mouth trays fit exactly over your teeth, because if they don’t, the gel will come in contact with your gums and may irritate them. To avoid such discomfort, make sure that you buy a high quality teeth whitening kit with thermoform mouth trays which are moulded in such a way as to perfectly fit your teeth. Moulding takes place when you leave the thermoform mouth trays in hot water for a couple of minutes and then fit them over your teeth. You bite down hard on the trays and they take the exact shape of your teeth. This is a process you do only once. The mouth trays will keep their shape for as long as you need them. When your mouth trays are ready, you can start the whitening process by filling them with the recommended amount of gel and putting them carefully over your upper and lower jaws. It is essential to follow the instructions carefully and not to exceed the recommended application time. After the recommended time, you remove the mouth trays and rinse your mouth thoroughly. Your treatment is over, and you can see the difference on your teeth even from the first time. You will continue your treatment for a certain number of days according to instructions and until you reach your desired results. Some high-quality teeth whitening kits provide you with a blue-light device which can speed up your treatment period. Smile 4 You is one such whitening kit that includes the blue light appliance in its package. The blue light is a special light that works at a 468 nanometres frequency and makes the treatment time 50% shorter. This happens because when you hold the device over your teeth the light activates hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide which makes the whitening molecules work faster. A re-mineralising gel is included in some teeth whitening kits, like in Smile 4 You kit, to help your teeth become less sensitive by providing them with the necessary minerals that they may lose during bleaching. The method helps microscopic holes get filled with those minerals and your teeth become stronger and stop being sensitive. Whitening your teeth at home with the use of a whitening kit will make your teeth look a lot more beautiful, you will feel a lot more confident when you smile, and you can enjoy professional results without having to pay high dentist fees. Our highly qualified teeth whitening reviews site and results in only 30minutes.We provide teeth whitening kits for our home use that guarantee to whiten and brighten your teeth, make you smile more confidently and make you feel a lot more attractive.

Skin Care

There are a large number of resources that will help you boost your skin both on the Web and offline. What is most beneficial to you, even though, are beneficial, distinct suggestions and advice about life style and skin care that you can use each and every day. This report gives this data in a straightforward and simple to realize style. A single way to do your skin a favor is to avoid tension. Anxiety is bad for well being all round, and it has negative affects on the skin. Reduce your pressure, and you will see a reduction in skin problems. In fact, your whole life will be improved by lowered levels of anxiety. Do not shave your dry skin. Also, try not to shave unless you have a lathering solution to support. Shaving tends to lead to more irritation and redness to the surface of your skin. Moisturize post-shaving, too. The lotion will help nourish your skin and soothe any irritation shaving has brought on. Your skin will be at its greatest when you use a moisturizer. Moisturizers maintain skin supple, add water content to the surface of your skin and support you to maintain a youthful look. In the course of the winter, moisturizing is even far more important. Hunting young starts with the proper moisturizer. Reduced your stress levels to increase the well being of your skin. It is feasible for uncontrolled tension to result in your skin to be much more sensitive, which can cause skin problems. Locate ways to handle the pressure in your life, because it will aid your skin remain healthier. Watercress is a good meals to eat if you want to decrease pore sizes, facial puffiness and all round inflammation. You can eat watercress as a snack or a meal either way it will be excellent for your skin. Not only does it have numerous advantages for your skin, it can also aid to remove free of charge radicals. Use vitamin B3 creams to make red, blotchy skin look better. It can help your skin keep in moisture, as well as guarding it from irritants you come across each day. Soon after using it often for a handful of weeks, you will notice a difference in your skin. If you've got oily skin, attempt using a mineral powder or oil-cost-free foundation. The powder will absorb the excess oils to assist give your face a fresh healthier look. If your skin is oily, you must not be employing liquid foundations that can make your circumstance worse. If your make-up does not consist of an SPF, add a bit of your personal. Purchasing a foundation with sun protection is wonderful, but your preferred product may not give you the selection. If the a single you use lacks protection, then mix your personal. Mix a small amount of sunscreen with your foundation and apply it to your face. Try keeping your pressure levels at a minimum. Anxiety can trigger an enhance of adrenaline, DHEA and cortisol levels in your blood. Hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol can boost the effects of circumstances of the skin like acne, psoriasis, and eczema. Your skin is generally a direct reflection of your general overall health. A relaxed thoughts and body that is cared for will translate into a far greater complexion. Hobbies can help you preserve skin looking excellent. Numerous instances, skin is affected by stress. If you can avoid it or lower anxiety, your skin will appear much better. As was discussed at the start of this article, educated decisions concerning your skin care are usually the very best ones. Nonetheless, finding the very best details can seem challenging at times. If you locate all of the data you need to take care of your skin and use them you will be satisfied in no time.

Fiber Diet

As you go about your Red Deer weight loss program, one thing that you need to make sure you’re doing is getting enough fiber in. Dietary fiber is key to success because getting enough is going to make controlling your hunger easier, is going to help you feel more satisfied after each meal you eat, and is going to help to boost your health, reducing your risk of heart disease as well as improving your digestion and elimination system. Yet, most women are still falling short in their fiber intake. Often the primary reason why you may not be getting enough fiber in your diet is due to the fact that you just don’t have time to prepare vegetables which each meal, thus you tend to leave them out of the picture. Fortunately, you can quickly turn this problem around and start increasing your fiber intake if you go about things in the right manner. Let’s take a look at some quick tips that you can use right now to get more fiber into your Red Deer weight loss program. Stir Flaxseeds Into Greek Yogurt The first way to boost your fiber intake is to sprinkle on some flaxseeds into a bowl of Greek yogurt. Flaxseeds are a great food to have in your diet plan because they’re rich in omega fats, which will help to encourage a leaner body composition and help boost heart health. In addition to that, flaxseeds also contain a small dose of protein, so this will add to the already present protein from the Greek yogurt. Add a bit of fresh fruit to this snack and you have a perfectly balanced snack that will serve your body well. Add Blackberries To Oatmeal The second tip to get more fiber into your day is to sprinkle some blackberries over a bowl of oatmeal as well. Blackberries are not only high in antioxidants, but also rich in dietary fiber as well. A one cup serving has almost 10 grams of fiber, so it’s a very fast and easy way to dramatically boost your intake. Oatmeal on its own is already a high fiber food, so the berries will just add to this. Plus, they add taste to a bowl of regular oatmeal, so can reduce the chances that you need to add extra sugar as well. Puree Vegetables Into A Sauce Moving along, the next quick tip to get more fiber into your daily diet is to consider pureeing some vegetables into a sauce. If you tend to be a rather picky eater and aren’t big on the texture of vegetables, this is any easy method to overcome this problem and still get them into your regular diet plan. Great vegetables that work with this tip include onions, mushrooms, carrots, celery, cucumbers, and peppers. Blend them right up into a tomato based sauce. Snack On Nuts Nuts are another fast and easy way to get more fiber into your regular diet plan and as an added bonus, they also supply you with some healthy fats as well. Nuts have been shown to help reduce the risk of heart disease and can also offer many other health benefits as they’re rich in the fat soluble vitamins such as Vitamin A and vitamin E. Additionally, nuts will also help to regulate blood sugar levels very well and help keep you more satisfied between your meals. Just be sure that you are being careful about how many nuts you consume as they are very calorie dense and these calories will add up quickly. Replace Brown Rice With Barley Finally, the last way to boost your fiber intake for the day is to start replacing any brown rice you normally have with barley instead. Barley is very high in fiber – much higher than any other grain out there, so will quickly help you meet your daily intake requirements. Barley works great on its own as an accompaniment to any protein source you’re serving up or you can have it under a stir-fry just as you would with regular brown rice. Barley also makes for a great addition in some salads as well, so that’s something to consider. There you have some fast and easy tips to get more fiber into your diet so that you can see faster results as you go about your Red Deer weight loss plan. Use these and you should have no problem getting your needs met.

Mini IPad

Mini IPad game A5 processor first iPad 2. because it has been awhile since they left A5, we believe that it was some minor changes in the chipset, but recent analysis of photo shows otherwise. Geekbench advises that mini iPad (the iPad2, according to internal numbering of Apple 5) a run only ArmV7 999 MHz with two CPU core is 32 KB L1 cache and 1 MB L2 cache (no L3 cache). Geekbench report 303 MB of RAM (512 MB of the system is used with total will be). In terms of specifications, it is fairly close to an iPad 2 (in reality, is an iPad 2). See also: mini iPad: books, comics, movies and game test Geekbench score new iPad from 735, but fast and original iPad (3rd generation) 757 in the same stadium as iPad 471 4, much slower than the third generation of the second generation iPad is quite fast, is extra power that pushes the retina display. Mini IPad framerate 24 (GLBenchmark 2.5 Egypt HD test) that is less than 2, iPad, although Interestingly a little more fps that the iPad was measured at 3 22 fps. So it is quite impressive. IPad is par mini iPad (3rd generation) that was selling a couple of weeks with a happy owner of £399. We threw all the mini iPad games we are running at a respectable speed of frames and not drops of frame as real racing 2 and A 3 verdict powers including fully capable. and his shorts, feel that the mini iPad around the best portable game system is a real competitor. See also: iPad mini performance test: books, comics, movies and games What the new iPad (4th generation) or iPhone 5 isn't as powerful, that increases the power of the grave. Standard mini IPad Apple iPad 2: hardware As it is usual hardware update. first and most important Apple Tablet is a new processor, dual graphics A6X quad core processor - core is considered to be twice that with twice the performance of graphics with iPad 3 A5 chip found in more quickly as. Of course these statements put the Apple test clock speed does not publish this type of GeekBench 2 GHz and app iPad 1.39 U.S. A6X but our RAM of 1 GB 4 GB 988 precision sampling. The numbers are certainly impressive. GeekBench 2 we saw that 1769 (750 scored in iPad 3) 854ms a new record and an iPad average system 4 SunSpider JavaScript tests. While the number and nothing can surprise, it is important to show the real lives of users. IPad is a device of 4 pillars, but the effect is not very fast, two times faster than iPad 3. Graphics display impressive 39 FPS, fps framerate achieved 22 iPad 3. So reform of graphics that are more noticeable in az and we but most noticeable was the difference in the General navigation to see a map of Apple, for example, pinch zoom a little too soft. Conclusion of IPad Mini vs free ipad 2 deals Do doubt that the free iPad 2 Deals in terms of raw power all in seals.? 5 recent updates iPhone and iPod touch, there is a serious impetus for the capacity of double performance. is why? There is no special end-user benefit, why Apple is presenting all these new powerful tools. IOS interface on all fast, the current generation of game machines are designed to operate in (and in our experience is that the developers of the entire market for design rather than a long stick with the latest models of iOS). There is still a mini iPad, i.e., retina, which in itself is worth the extra money, but getting an iPad with a big 4. but I don't think that the iPad is a mini experience. This is a small screen and a screen of retina not with small, perhaps, but it is all programs and applications still recent with retina display iPad 3. If the Free iPad 2 Deals a few plan 4 (like the iPhone 4 and iPod touch) is that extra power all that takes advantage of one more thing IPad 4 certainly more futuro-impermeabilizacion is back.

CHILD LABOR IN PAKISTAN

God has given human beings the boon of wisdom and discretion to think upon the signs of the universe and to draw conclusions. That is the reason why they disclose the hidden facts of it and its structure and have made remarkable progress in many walks of life. Children are the flowers of heaven. They are the most beautiful and purest creation of God. They are innocent both inwardly and outwardly. No doubt, they are the beauty of this world. Early in the morning when the children put on different kinds of clothes and begin to go to schools for the sake of knowledge, we feel a specific kind of joy through their innocence. But there are also other children, those who cannot go to schools due to financial problems, they only watch others go to schools and can merely wish to seek knowledge.It is due to many hindrances and difficulties; desperate conditions that they face in life. Having been forced to kill their aspirations, dreams and other wishes, they are pressed to earn a living for themselves and for their families. It is also a fact that there are many children who play a key role in sustaining the economically life of their family without which, their families would not be able to make ends meet. These are also part of our society who have forgotten the pleasures of their childhood. When a child in addition to getting education, earns his livelihood, this act of earning a livelihood is called as child Labour. The concept of child Labour got much attention during the 1990s when European countries announced a ban on the goods of the less-developed countries because of child Labour. The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines child Labour as: 1- when a child is working during early age 2- he overworks or gives over time to Labour 3- he works due to the psychologically, socially, and materialistic pressure 4- he becomes ready to Labour on a very low pay Another definition states: “Child Labour” is generally speaking work for children that harms them or exploits them in some way (physically, mentally, morally or blocking access to education), United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund(UNICEF) defines “child” as anyone below the age of 18, and “child Labour” as some type of work performed by children below age 18. (UNICEF) Child Labour is an important and a serious global issue through which all and sundry countries of the world are directly or indirectly affected, but, it is very common in Latin America, Africa and Asia. According to some, in several Asian countries’ 1/10 manpower consists of child Labour. In India the number of children between the ages of 10-14 has crossed above 44 million, in Pakistan this number is from 8 to 10 million, in Bangladesh 8-12 million, in Brazil 7 million, whereas their number is 12 million in Nigeria. In Pakistan children aged 5-14 are above 40 million.During the last year, the Federal Bureau of Statistics released the results of its survey funded by ILO’s IPEC (International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour). The findings were that 3.8 million children age group of 5-14 years are working in Pakistan out of total 40 million children in this age group; fifty percent of these economically active children are in age group of 5 to 9 years. Even out of these 3.8 million economically active children, 2.7 million were claimed to be working in the agriculture sector. Two million and four hundred thousand (73%) of them were said to be boys. During the year 2001 and 2002 the government of Pakistan carried out a series of consultation of tripartite partners and stakeholders (Labour Department, trade unions, employers and NGOs) in all the provinces. The objective was to identify the occupations and the categories of work, which may be considered as hazardous under the provisions of ILO Convention 182. As a result of these deliberations, a national consensus list of occupations and categories of work was identified, which is given below: 1. Nature of occupation-category of work 2. Work inside under ground mines over ground quarries, including blasting and assisting in blasting 3. Work with power driven cutting machinery like saws, shears, and guillotines, ( Thrashers, fodder cutting machines, also marbles) 4. Work with live electrical wires over 50V. 5. All operation related to leather tanning process e.g. soaking, dehairing, liming chrome tanning, deliming, pickling defleshing, and ink application. 6. Mixing or application or pesticides insecticide/fumigation. 7. Sandblasting and other work involving exposure to free silica. 8. Work with exposure to ALL toxic, explosive and carcinogenic chemicals e.g. asbestos, benzene, ammonia, chlorine, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, caustic soda, phosphorus, benzidene dyes, isocyanides, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulphide, epoxy, resins, formaldehyde, metal fumes, heavy metals like nickel, mercury chromium, lead, arsenic, beryllium, fiber glass, and 9. Work with exposure to cement dust (cement industry) 10. Work with exposure to coal dust 11. Manufacture and sale of fireworks explosives 12. Work at the sites where Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) are filled in cylinders. 13. Work on glass and metal furnaces 14. Work in the clothe printing, dyeing and finishing sections 15. Work inside sewer pipelines, pits, storage tanks 16. Stone crushing 17. Lifting and carrying of heavy weight specially in transport industry ( 15b kg and above) 18. Work between 10 pm to 8 am ( Hotel Industry) 19. Carpet waving 20. Working 2 meter above the floor 21. All scavenging including hospital waste 22. tobacco process ( including Niswar) and Manufacturing 23. Deep fishing ( commercial fishing/ sea food and fish processing 24. Sheep casing and wool industry 25. Ship breaking 26. Surgical instrument manufacturing specially in vendors workshop 27. Bangles glass, furnaces Now we can easily imagine in the light of above mentioned facts and figures how the nation’s future namely children are deprived of pleasures of life, ignorance has reduced their abilities of thinking right or differentiating between right and wrong, as well as their life-chances, to their non-access to education. It is true that child Labour is not an isolated phenomenon. It is an outcome of a multitude of socio-economic factors and has its roots in poverty, lack of opportunities, high rate of population growth, unemployment, uneven distribution of wealth and resources, outdated social customs and norms and plethora of other factors. According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) the daily income of 65.5% people of Pakistan is below 2 U.S. dollars a day. According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Report, 47 million people in Pakistan are leading lines below the line of poverty, whereas the Social Policy Development Centre (SDPC) Karachi has stated in one of its reports that the ratio of poverty in Pakistan was 33% during 1999 that increased in 2001 and reached 38%. The ratio of poverty in the current year is around 30%. Consider the point that if 30% of our country’s total population is leading life below the poverty-line wherein the people are deprived of basic necessities of life like clothing, shelter, food, education and medication, the children of these people will be forced to become Labourers or workers in order to survive. Another reason of child Labour in Pakistan is that our people don’t have the security of social life. There is no aid plan or allowance for children in our country. Class-based education system is another reason for increasing child Labour; villages lack standardized education systems and as a result, child Labour is on increase in rural areas. The government has not put its laws into practice to stop child Labour in our country. Employers after exploiting child Labour, extract a large surplus, whereas child Labour, despite increasing poverty, unemployment and other problems, are pressed to do anything and everything for their livelihood and the survival of their families. Child Labour is a complex problem which demands a range of solutions. There is no better way to prevent child Labour than to make education compulsory. The West understood this a long time ago. Laws were enacted very early to secure continued education for working children; and now they have gone a step forward, and required completion of at least the preliminary education of the child before he or she starts work. Martin Luther as back far 1524 sent a letter to German Municipalities insisting it was their duty to provide schools, and the duty of parents to educate their children. In Sweden, a royal decree in 1723 instructed parents and guardians to diligently see to it that their children applied themselves to book reading. In Europe, one country after another; Scotland, Prussia (1817), Austria (1869), France, United Kingdom (1880) and Italy made education compulsory. In 1872, Japan became the first non-Western country to make elementary school education compulsory with the declaration by the Meiji Govt. The present government in Pakistan has made elementary education compulsory. Along with this, the government has distributed free books in primary schools so that parents, who cannot afford their children’s school expenses, send their children to schools. The major point is that this decision must be acted upon at all levels. There is strict need to stop child Labour in this country. Awareness must be raised and the attention of parents ought to be diverted to the education of their children. Child Labour Laws should be put into practice strictly. In addition, the educational system of the country-must be reshaped and restructured according to national development goals. The orphans and other deserving children must be helped financially on a prolonged basis. It is also essential to eliminate child Labour from the country, that the political, economical and social system of the country are need to be reshaped and such steps taken that make child Labour in this country a crime. They should bring on the well-being of a lay man, good governance and end to exploitative thinking. If we succeed to act upon these principles, our country can easily get rid of this problem i.e. child Labour. The agreement that has recently been approved by Pakistan, Norway and ILO to eradicate child Labour must be given importance and we hope that our rulers must put this agreement into practice using all means at their disposal.